What is the most effective trap for small hawks outside of migration?

The bal-chatri is considered the most effective trap for small hawks outside of migration due to its unique design and functionality. This trap consists of a frame covered with netting that holds small bait, typically live birds, inside. The bait attracts the hawk, while the netting is designed to ensnare the bird’s feet once it lands. This method is particularly effective for small hawks because it takes advantage of their hunting instincts and their reaction to movement.

In contrast, the other options may be less effective for different reasons. The phai-trap is better suited for larger birds, while the bow-net has a broader application for various species but often requires more space and setup, making it less practical for small hawks in specific situations. The harnessed pigeon, while useful for certain types of falconry, relies on a flying bait that may not effectively attract small hawks outside of migration periods when their hunting patterns change. Thus, when targeting small hawks outside of migration, the bal-chatri stands out as the ideal trapping method.