In most species, male and female hawks can be distinguished by:

In most species of hawks, males and females exhibit sexual dimorphism, which means they differ in size and appearance. Typically, female hawks are larger than their male counterparts. This size difference is believed to be an evolutionary adaptation that allows females to better perform their role in reproduction, especially in terms of nesting and incubation.

The larger size of females gives them an advantage in protecting themselves and their young, as they can better handle the physical demands of hunting for more substantial prey. In contrast, males, being smaller and faster, are often more agile and adept at hunting smaller prey, which is essential for feeding both themselves and the breeding female during the nesting period.

Understanding this typical size difference is crucial for falconers and wildlife enthusiasts alike, as it aids in the identification and management of these birds in the wild as well as in falconry practices.